References in support of TORQ dFND formulation:
NHS Website: Vitamin D (vitamins & minerals). General recommendations for daily consumption and Covid19.
Urashima, M., Segawa, T., Okazaki, M., Kurihara, M., Wada, Y. and Ida, H., 2010. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr, May;91(5):1255-60. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Owens, D.J., Allison, R. and Close, G.L., 2018. Vitamin D and the athlete: current perspectives and new challenges. Sports medicine, 48(1), pp.3-16.
Bikle, D.D., 2009. Vitamin D and immune function: understanding common pathways. Current osteoporosis reports, 7(2), p.58.
Halliday, T.M., Peterson, N.J., Thomas, J.J., Kleppinger, K., Hollis, B.W. and Larson-Meyer, D.E., 2011. Vitamin D status relative to diet, lifestyle, injury, and illness in college athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43(2), pp.335-343.
He, C.S., Fraser, W.D., Tang, J., Brown, K., Renwick, S., Rudland-Thomas, J., Teah, J., Tanqueray, E. and Gleeson, M., 2016. The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes. Journal of sports sciences, 34(1), pp.67-74.
Sly, L.M., Lopez, M., Nauseef, W.M. and Reiner, N.E., 2001. 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced monocyte antimycobacterial activity is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mediated by the NADPH-dependent phagocyte oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(38), pp.35482-35493.
Liu, P.T., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, B.H., Krutzik, S.R., Ochoa, M.T., Schauber, J., Wu, K., Meinken, C. and Kamen, D.L., 2006. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science, 311(5768), pp.1770-1773.
He, C.S., Handzlik, M.K., Fraser, W.D., Muhamad, A.S., Preston, H., Richardson, A. and Gleeson, M., 2013. Influence of vitamin D status on respiratory infection incidence and immune function during 4 months of winter training in endurance sport athletes. School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University.
Owens, D.J., Allison, R. and Close, G.L., 2018. Vitamin D and the athlete: current perspectives and new challenges. Sports medicine, 48(1), pp.3-16.
Bikle, D.D., 2009. Vitamin D and immune function: understanding common pathways. Current osteoporosis reports, 7(2), p.58.
Shankar, A.H. and Prasad, A.S., 1998. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 68(2), pp.447S-463S.
Rink, L. and Haase, H., 2007. Zinc homeostasis and immunity. Trends in immunology, 28(1), pp.1-4.
Bonaventura, P., Benedetti, G., Albarède, F. and Miossec, P., 2015. Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation. Autoimmunity reviews, 14(4), pp.277-285.
Read, S.A., Obeid, S., Ahlenstiel, C. and Ahlenstiel, G., 2019. The role of zinc in antiviral immunity. Advances in nutrition, 10(4), pp.696-710.
Blazsek, I. and Mathe, G., 1984. Zinc and immunity. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy= Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 38(4), pp.187-193.
Gruber, K. and Rink, L., 2013. The role of zinc in immunity and inflammation. In Diet, Immunity and Inflammation (pp. 123-156). Woodhead Publishing.
Prasad, A.S., 1998. Zinc and immunity. In Molecular and Cellular Effects of Nutrition on Disease Processes (pp. 63-69). Springer, Boston, MA.
Wintergerst, E.S., Maggini, S. and Hornig, D.H., 2007. Contribution of selected vitamins and trace elements to immune function. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 51(4), pp.301-323.
References in support of TORQ aTAC formulation:
De Tullio, M. C., 2010. The Mystery of Vitamin C. Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, University of Bari: Nature Education 3(9):48.
Pham-Huy, L.A., He, H. and Pham-Huy, C., 2008. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International journal of biomedical science: IJBS, 4(2), p.89.
Fitzgerald, L., 1988. Exercise and the immune system. Immunology today, 9(11), pp.337-339.
Carr, A.C. and Maggini, S., 2017. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9(11), p.1211.
Hickey, S. and Roberts, H., 2005. Misleading Information on the Properties of Vitamin C. PLoS Med 2(9): e307.
Legault, Z., Bagnall, N. and Kimmerly, D.S., 2015. The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab: Oct;25(5):417-26. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0209. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Calder, P.C., Yaqoob, P., 1999. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids: 17(3):227-41.
Ren, W., Li, Y., Yu, X., Luo ,W., Liu, G., Shao, H. and Yin, Y. 2013. Glutamine modifies immune responses of mice infected with porcine circovirus type 2. Br J Nutr: Sep 28;110(6):1053-60. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512006101. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
Gleeson, M. 2008. Dosing and Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Human Exercise and Sport Training. The Journal of Nutrition: Volume 138, Issue 10, pp. 2045S–2049S.
Barrett, B., 2003. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine, 10(1), pp.66-86.
Caruso, T.J. and Gwaltney Jr, J.M., 2005. Treatment of the common cold with echinacea: a structured review. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 40(6), pp.807-810.
Shah, S.A., Sander, S., White, C.M., Rinaldi, M. and Coleman, C.I., 2007. Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis. The Lancet infectious diseases, 7(7), pp.473-480.
Richard Z. Cheng, R.Z. 2020. Preliminary Report of Chinese High Dose Vitamin C for Covid-19 Treatment Studies. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, August 16, 2020. (unpublished)